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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 3 c' v, h6 }/ H2 w9 \mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第0 h+ c' X( D8 i }; ]" Y7 C5 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">1; }1 E+ o% E% k* c+ {
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：( T, ~+ x2 d j* [3 E ^/ H% n
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。1 Y! a' }! }0 R, e2 t" Kcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。$ F( Y$ L# Q7 }; s) k; O
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：" M) s3 `0 m z+ a( m* j, c) g+ [# \: K
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$ x/ ]7 k$ Q ^* ~9 W" T# Omso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。9 F" T- U/ S% j1 F! v2 `' x" A5 B: wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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4 r( B/ F0 C7 s" j1 gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。0 A7 C, m7 h0 k' h
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1 s% E( ? C- N8 V& jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学2 @* m- q Y: K; ?3 p8 S7 g0 A
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么' h7 A! m9 _$ U+ H7 r2 W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？/ j, x/ i8 m2 D% M
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊( O) G1 W; o+ @9 Y+ l" R2 t1 }mso-font-kerning:0pt"> $ H2 c) G. h) q& h% a4 [9 B" L
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9 V( w/ z5 R) l* A* x$ D* d: tTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚/ J+ t0 M- r( L: t4 L, Z' pmso-font-kerning:0pt"> " G6 M7 v6 O8 {
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2 a& r/ _3 G# Q) V3 f5 UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！0 C9 }& A0 a3 c0 X4 a; l
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假( O, Z/ a1 M) z4 i
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6 n" B5 j! b1 h% g* kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是! K( _% L2 H6 d
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0 o. A+ ^6 B( V% o0 Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题9 z" C; ?5 o% n# r+ L2 t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。, M( g) E$ n: ^$ q! R, J9 @; jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 O& m9 A% w. C+ zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 a0 }5 e1 V1 y8 y: ?% q; V- L: {7 m) C
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴 R" Y8 O+ A) t0 N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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