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( M8 i, R' N. J s/ t# K( `Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网# B1 w* W4 x8 l4 f* \mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ i9 s% p7 ~! g/ q; n
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2 Z" O3 R# ]1 p' Z j/ [: r) Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。- P( [7 B& L7 C& [
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. R. W. J, q) cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：# r- l8 D, |7 G( j& [# b4 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第+ z* Q9 b6 _+ A
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: s5 E3 w+ Y% ?" E* pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：1 g q3 l: R2 _- U0 [2 T6 ~0 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2 M! w" [& J8 Y' ~4 D W: Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：5 e$ i3 i* t& l% I1 u
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+ x7 P" `6 Q: c) C7 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。- o. R6 j3 c, P/ C; T: s; H8 S
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4 G( L) A+ {5 t' L1 s9 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：7 a+ X1 g' _. K: Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- y2 _3 [+ X$ S1 Mmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
; D3 {% E( ]' p4 W" e/ f- g( y: Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。1 T$ K8 g# _* a# j5 N+ G* n& G
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+ y1 W. |2 t0 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：7 Y" ~% A }$ Z& A# J
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8 y" ]% }6 Y/ s$ W b; vmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？3 q: ^! `5 T# ?' Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”% M4 a8 \) `) D* L* y) dmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
2 [, W4 [3 f% q4 ?$ e ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：. v6 V; ^- ^* n0 C" B, U4 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* `9 T+ T5 y' C, |7 _6 S" n, fmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
' ?) ^4 k- ^5 ~, g0 v2 P. rmso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。7 E% ?/ G& [( L3 @* Y" G+ X4 L9 I( Zcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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2 W y3 T: n( J9 r0 |8 }7 o. U8 N1 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。5 V* ^1 b" i* i0 g0 }! A
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, T+ {/ s( F! q( gmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：* v+ a+ _ V3 E7 d& B" e
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。0 @$ s6 `3 W% z! U# O0 {- W10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”. l% U' I6 O, _6 `& o8 U5 E6 @mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
4 [! j' `( [8 j5 }' y! j: cmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：. v2 r5 Y* f. @( S! |0pt">"$ S$ e7 ~2 e) }8 k' p4 ? e5 Ymso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:, ?* B' P9 R2 R
Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。8 w5 a0 X5 X/ x! o: A/ Emso-font-kerning:0pt">"3 c. f- g7 u( E' j$ O8 F. kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
+ h, f2 K% q" Q( S& O( e- U: d3 Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：# q( _3 c. n% w: @4 ^# a% g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢 i; o0 {4 R# Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 1 v3 E" g2 o& `$ M: D* e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：# L0 `) q( r( [, r8 v; emso-font-kerning:0pt">"( O/ V" g; l$ L1 H* r f7 Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
- S5 {6 i. X3 o! \2 |8 S* H2 \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。4 F1 U0 g' o( T6 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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! Y1 v! [8 C: Z4 @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是: l0 u2 s* g* w/ y' n$ B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违% U# F! _" P. D0 X. K
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1 F( l* j5 N3 n, b1 s5 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得' i- r5 p$ O' a7 ~
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违# I4 q+ `% R' Z! T# e& \! N8 v
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* U ?9 ?6 l/ ^" q8 r! ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲0 t' |3 H1 @5 d* f* U
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0 A, W+ {5 l- e) s) K/ x! ]' R1 Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，0 D' _# q1 r' i9 k3 ]- b( P- F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。9 A2 y4 J4 e2 D3 h2 @- A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。7 N0 Y" H( j1 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？/ p6 ?( F" S, B5 |/ K9 t9 N; f
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。1 ~0 X6 P# y( j$ W2 g" Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义$ y" i8 ]& J. F+ r% umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！1 o0 `8 F# v* T* v2 z' E! M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。% A& M* i t9 q. tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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( x, n# x$ n/ qTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述* B& o/ E0 m. _mso-font-kerning:0pt">26 R: X& G$ K& L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊9 P4 E u2 p) \" w8 c1 A# o
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/ S2 U9 c+ @5 ]& y5 f" W+ A, nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。$ i8 [' Q( S5 W! `: B
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孝经
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% j& y. Y7 g, L9 _# P: rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。1 C! ?, o( J K! R% j
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) E* v; l/ H& g" K: qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。 J3 U1 s# V2 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ O1 u' s0 b, c, p: U8 k
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, ]# K8 A% J7 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：6 u! ~* L( k- ^7 O: v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。1 F$ e0 P Y7 v8 P( d/ F9 b3 R3 D) Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”- R( w* W2 d( Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 ^: D9 s) j6 c( a7 j t k0 Q
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个* g4 t& \8 g$ T) S3 x9 I+ D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬' s# r; C+ _ j* _7 s: S& }2 kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”& {' H$ u0 \4 Q5 B% k% _6 u
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5 Z$ k; ]2 W |- u7 I7 _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为: i3 N/ N9 w' _0 ]( u; t/ i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道2 {( K" m8 y" S8 N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。- f5 W0 Q+ [9 \9 B) ]" N! @# q* o9 J+ omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的+ D; I" P8 D% V0 A0 smso-font-kerning:0pt">“& h) |. Y6 @7 S( H
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5 i; W5 g1 D3 h. |! z. |/ G3 gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思( ^. r/ H1 N) Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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